Interventional treatment of cervical radiculopathy: an observational study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cervical disc herniation is one of the most common causes of pain in the upper limbs and shoulder girdle, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life, functional capacity, and sleep. AIM: To improve treatment outcomes in patients with cervical radiculopathy through the use of epidural analgesia with glucocorticoids. METHODS: This observational study included 110 patients diagnosed with discogenic cervical radiculopathy. Participants were divided into two groups: the study group (n=50) received interlaminar epidural injections at the cervical spine level with 2% lidocaine (2 mL) and a glucocorticoid (8 mg). The control group (n=60) underwent neurosurgical treatment for discogenic radiculopathy. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS: Baseline mean scores in study group were: NRS 8.04±1.19; ODI 42.56%±2.10; McGill Pain Questionnaire 48.44±5.21. In control group: NRS 8.18±1.27; ODI 42.63%±2.62; McGill Pain Questionnaire 49.20±5.38. By the end of the 6-month follow-up, pain scores in the study group were as follows: NRS 2.64±1.17; ODI 14.28%±2.56; McGill Pain Questionnaire 24.78±3.09. By the end of the 6-month follow-up, pain scores in the control group were as follows: NRS 3.07±1.26; ODI 14.70%±2.47; McGill Pain Questionnaire 25.12±2.66. The p-values for between-group comparisons of pain intensity according to the NRS (p=0.596; p=0.308; p=0.985; p=0.063), ODI (p=0.868; p=0.125; p=0.479; p=0.386), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (p=0.480; p=0.384; p=0.052; p=0.674) at all assessment time points (pre-intervention and at 1, 3, and 6 months) exceeded the significance threshold of 0.050, indicating no statistically significant differences between the interventional and neurosurgical groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that interventional and surgical treatments for cervical radiculopathy yielded comparable effectiveness of the two approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".