Non-native marine and estuarine fouling bryozoans detected along North American Coasts: a twenty-year synthesis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bryozoans are one of the most diverse and abundant marine invertebrates in coastal ecosystems and provide a valuable model for evaluating patterns of invasion. We present a synthesis of non-native bryozoans detected from standardized surveys across 35 coastal bays and estuaries, spanning coasts of the continental United States and Canada (26°N to 61°N), including additional records of non-native bryozoans reported in bioblitzes and literature for the same region. We document 48 non-native bryozoan species, considered to have established populations, with 42 species from our settlement plate surveys and 6 from the literature). Nine of these species were new records for the continental United States, and 20 species had new records for one or more localities. Combining our data from 20 years of settlement plate surveys with an extensive literature review, we show that more bryozoan introductions are known from the Pacific than Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. Our data show declining non-native species richness of bryozoans with latitude on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, with several hot spots with elevated numbers of non-native species on the Pacific coast, similar to previously reported patterns for non-native tunicates. Finally, native source regions for these bryozoan introductions to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts are primarily from the Pacific and Indo-Pacific (respectively), whereas those introduced to the Pacific are primarily by Atlantic coast species. The dominance of Atlantic-sourced invasions to the Pacific coast in bryozoans contrasts with tunicate and sessile polychaete invasions, which are predominately from Pacific source regions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it