Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone‐Secreting Pituitary Adenoma: Two Cases With Challenging Diagnosis and Management
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are very rare pituitary tumors causing central hyperthyroidism. Most are macroadenomas (≥ 10 mm) with local and systemic comorbidities at diagnosis. The atypical changes in thyroid function tests (TFTs) may be subtle and are often initially missed, while over‐secretion of other pituitary hormones is often present. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are the recommended first‐line medical therapy for these lesions. We report two cases of TSHomas successfully managed with a dopamine agonist (DA) therapy, alone or following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Case Presentation: A 47‐year‐old man presented with significant weight loss, fatigue, and muscle weakness. He was found to have hyperprolactinemia, secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI), and central hypogonadism, which led to the discovery of a 3 cm invasive pituitary adenoma. Additional tests showed an increased IGF1, TSH, and free T4. A Pit‐1 multihormonal tumor was documented on pathology after partial resection by TSS. Persistent hyperprolactinemia and central hyperthyroidism responded to DA therapy, as the patient refused therapy. A 66‐year‐old man with a history of anxiety, hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and thyroid nodules, was consulted for severe dizziness and was found to have a 2.4 cm pituitary adenoma on a head CT scan. Lab records showed a progressive supranormal free T4 and TSH increase over the preceding five years. He refused surgery and had an excellent clinical and biochemical response to DA treatment. Conclusion: Prompt detection of central hyperthyroidism by monitoring and correctly interpreting TFT over time is essential for early diagnosis and optimal management of TSHomas. TSH‐secreting adenomas may respond to DA therapy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it