Resilience capacity in older women engaged in resistance training: physiological and functional adaptations to training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic followed by retraining
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of 2 years of training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on muscular strength, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and physical performance in older women engaged in resistance training (RT). Additionally, to assess resilience capacity, we compared the changes provoked by 12 weeks of retraining with those achieved after 12 weeks of training (pre-pandemic block 1) on physiological and functional outcomes. Muscular strength, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and physical performance were analyzed at five time points. A progressive RT program was performed during the pre-pandemic block 1 (12 weeks of training) and block 2 (24 weeks). Subsequently, 2 years of training interruption were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the participants performed 12 weeks of retraining. A significant impairment in all outcomes was observed after 2 years of training interruption compared to pre-pandemic block 2. Retraining did not change muscle mass, lipid profile, and functional motor tests compared to pre-pandemic block 1. When compared to the pre-pandemic block 1, retraining induced greater 1RM gains in the chest press (20.4% vs. 6.2%), leg extension (15.9% vs. −1.0%), preacher curl (31.1% vs. 8.2%), and total lifted load (21.4% vs. 3.6%), and similar fat mass loss at gynoid (−4.9% vs. −3.7%) and trunk (−3.8% vs. −4.2%). The results indicate that two years of training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in older women engaged in RT led to worsening physiological and functional outcomes, which did not fully recover/regain after retraining, suggesting low resilience capacity. Novelty Two years of training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic impair physiological and functional outcomes in older women engaged in resistance training. Retraining led to resilience capacity only in muscular strength gains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".