Charge Carrier Lifetime and Trap States in Novel Pure-Boron-Based Ultrashallow <i>p</i> – <i>n</i> Junctions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trap states and carrier transport parameters are critical to the performance of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i>–<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i>-junction-based photodetectors. This study investigates ultrashallow <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i>–<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> junctions for ultraviolet and low-energy particle detection fabricated using chemical vapor deposition-based pure-boron deposition (CVD-PB) with a junction depth only tens of nanometers, in comparison, also using ion implantation (IMP), epitaxy (EPI), and vacuum evaporation (VEP). Deep-level photothermal spectroscopy (DLPTS) and homodyne photocarrier radiometry (HoPCR) were used to analyze charge carrier dynamics, including charge carrier lifetime and trap states. A phenomenological theoretical model for HoPCR signals was developed to explain trap-state-modulated carrier transport dynamics. CVD-PB junctions demonstrated long recombination lifetimes in the doping layer (7.09 ± 0.01 μs) and bulk (35.80 μs), comparable to high-energy ion-implanted (HE-IMP) junctions (5.68 ± 0.58 and 36.10 μs). EPI and VEP junctions have short carrier bulk recombination lifetimes (1.95 ± 0.17 and 0.63 ± 0.03 μs, respectively). DLPTS revealed an electron trap in the EPI junction with an activation energy of 0.09 eV and a capture cross section of 7.52 × 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-<roman>20</roman></sup> ± 6.82 × 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-<roman>21</roman></sup> cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><roman>2</roman></sup>; no detectable traps were observed in CVD-PB or HE-IMP junctions. Simulations showed that EPI junctions had twice the dark current of CVD-PB and HE-IMP at 10 V, with a 15% reduction in photocurrent. When reversely biased at 5 V and without typical guarding ring designs generally used in optoelectronics, CVD-PB exhibited the lowest dark current (0.95 μA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><roman>2</roman></sup>) when compared to HE-IMP (3.25 μA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><roman>2</roman></sup>) and EPI (51.77 μA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><roman>2</roman></sup>).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".