Epidemiological and clinical profiles of young and senior dogs fed a standard diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to explore age-related differences in epidemiological and clinical parameters in dogs consuming a standardized diet, focusing on factors relevant to veterinary practitioners. A total of 106 dogs were included, comprising young (2–5 years) and senior (≥8 years) individuals. Epidemiological data were collected through questionnaires and veterinary consultations, while clinical parameters were assessed via physical examinations and blood analyses. Compared to younger dogs, senior dogs were less active, more likely to live in houses, and more frequently received regular deworming. They were also more likely to consume food purchased from pet stores or supermarkets compared to younger dogs. Clinical evaluations revealed that senior dogs had higher plasma globulin and platelets and lower albumin, consistent with chronic low-grade inflammation associated with aging. Muscle loss, poor coat quality, and reduced lymphocyte counts were also prominent in senior dogs, potentially reflecting sarcopenia, malnutrition, and immunosenescence, respectively. Notably, dogs previously fed diets lacking a source of omega-3 fatty acids exhibited elevated plasma triglycerides even after transitioning for four weeks to a premium diet containing fish oil, underscoring the lasting impact of long-term dietary habits. These findings highlight the importance of regular veterinary follow-ups for senior dogs and the role of high-quality nutrition, including sources of omega-3 fatty acids. By identifying key epidemiological and clinical differences, this study offers valuable insights to help veterinary practitioners distinguish between healthy and pathological aging. • Senior dogs were less active and more likely to live in houses than young dogs. • Senior dogs more often ate diets from pet stores and supermarkets than young dogs. • Previous diets without a source of omega-3 were associated with higher plasma TG. • Senior dogs had higher muscle loss, heart rate, worse coat quality than young dogs. • Inflammaging and immunosenescence were evident in senior dogs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".