Acute severe lameness associated with proliferative bone on the dorsal middle phalanx (19 cases)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Background Injury resulting in proliferative new bone formation on the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx (P2) has been recognised by equine veterinarians and is generally referred to as capsulitis. However, no retrospective case series has been published on the condition. Objectives To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of this condition. Study design Case series ( n = 19). Methods Clinical cases in which the horse presented for lameness and was diagnosed with acute formation of proliferative bone on the dorsal P2 diaphysis were included in the study (cases collected from 2005 to 2022). Signalment, history, presenting clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments administered, and outcome were evaluated. Results Horses presented with unilateral lameness and were all classified as either a moderate lameness at a trot ( n = 6) or a moderate to severe lameness at a walk ( n = 13). A forelimb was involved in 79% of cases and a hindlimb in 21%. The presentation of lameness was recorded as acute in 15/19 horses and not reported in the remainder. Bone proliferation on the dorsal aspect of P2 was diagnosed on radiographic evaluation in all horses (as part of the inclusion criteria). In horses with sequential radiographs made from the time of acute presentation, bone production developed rapidly over a period of a few weeks to 2 months. A variety of therapeutic options were implemented, and 13/19 (68%) of the cases were subject to humane euthanasia, with only one horse returning to its previous athletic function. Milder cases were more likely to have a better outcome. Main limitations Small sample size and incomplete medical records. Conclusions Acute new bone proliferation on the dorsal aspect of P2 is associated with moderate to severe lameness and carries a poor prognosis for return to athletic function and survival.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".