Assessment of Telluric Activity in the Area of the Proposed Alaska Highway Pipeline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The geomagnetic field fluctuations are accompanied by the geo-electric (telluric) field and telluric currents at the surface of the Earth and in the pipelines. These telluric currents disturb pipeline cathodic protection levels, creating pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) fluctuations with different amplitudes. Amplitudes of PSP fluctuations directly depend on the telluric activity in the area of the pipeline location. To estimate the amplitudes of PSP variations due to telluric activity, pipeline circuit model based on Distributed Source Transmission Line Theory can be applied. The unknown and most important input into this model are values of driving ground electric fields i.e. telluric activity in the pipeline area. Two parameters define telluric electric fields in the particular area, one is the geomagnetic field variations and other is the deep ground conductivity structure. The magnetotelluric theory was applied in order to calculate geo-electric telluric field variations in the pipeline area. For the Alaska area magnetic data from four Geomagnetic Observatories were used with one-dimensional Earth conductivity model for four different zones, obtained on the basis of the geological surveys in order to find the telluric electric field. To properly evaluate effects of telluric activity on the scale of years, statistical study has been done. For the statistical analysis of telluric activity in pipeline area, we established two types of indices of telluric electric field: hourly maximum of the absolute value of the electric field and hourly standard deviation of the electric field. The developed hourly telluric indices were calculated for two different areas, low latitude (Ottawa) and area of interest. Statistical distribution of these indices was used to derive the different levels of telluric activity and their rate of occurrences (number of days in the year). The results of the study are universal and can be applied for different pipeline configurations to estimate effectiveness of the cathodic protection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".