Interfacial properties determine the performance of embedded IrOx pH sensor in cement mortar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IrO x electrode has been reported to show promising application in pH determination in many environments. Once embedded in cement mortar, the performance of IrO x electrode is poor. The failed pH determination is due to inaccurate potential measurement of embedded IrO x electrodes, including potential difference across aqueous solution/mortar interface ( E 1 ), potential difference generated due to transport of charge carriers in pore structure of cement mortar ( E 2 ), and potential difference across interfacial transition zone (ITZ)/IrO x electrode interface ( E 3 ). E 1 is measured to be 19.6 mV, leading to a lower calculated pH by 0.39. E 2 is 20.9 mV, indicating E 2 associated error in pH determination is also minor (0.42 pH). E 3 (of −317.3 mV) is confirmed to introduce serious errors in potential measurement, due to excessive resistance across the ITZ area. The microstructure of ITZ is studied by X-ray computed tomography (μXCT). In the case of OPC, abnormal porosity is observed. Although the continuous pores can't be detected by μXCT, it is proposed the presence of abundant continuous pores is essential for a meaningful measurement of the IrO x electrode potential and the subsequent calculation of pH in pore water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".