Abstract P1108: Plasma metabolome of a cholesterol-lowering plant-based diet and cardiometabolic disease risk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The portfolio diet, a cholesterol-lowering plant-based diet, is recommended for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), however, less is known about its long-term impact on cardiometabolic disease. Objective metabolic response to diet using metabolomics can provide additional insight into how diet affects disease risk. Objective: To investigate whether a metabolomic signature can characterize adherence to the portfolio diet and whether this signature is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Methods and Results: The metabolomic signature discovery cohort included 633 plasma samples from four previously conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the portfolio diet. The validation cohorts included 11,985 participants from the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS) I&II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Adherence to the portfolio diet was assessed using a portfolio diet score, and the plasma metabolome was profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using elastic net regression, a metabolomic signature of 56 metabolites was found, most of which were amino acids and amines (34%), glycerophosphocholines (14%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (7%), and indoles (7%). The signature was highly correlated with portfolio diet adherence in the RCTs (r=0.87, p<0.001). In the NHS/HPFS cohorts, a simplified signature showed an attenuated relationship with the portfolio diet score (r=0.26, p<0.001). In the RCTs, using linear mixed models, the signature was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. In the NHS/HPFS cohorts, using multivariable linear regression, the signature was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C. In multivariable Cox regressions in the NHS/HPFS cohorts, the signature was inversely associated with total mortality (HR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.99]) and type 2 diabetes (0.92 [0.84, 0.99]), but not cardiovascular disease (0.96 [0.86, 1.08]). Conclusions: A metabolomic signature that reflects adherence and metabolic response to the cholesterol-lowering plant-based portfolio diet was identified, which was then associated with several cardiovascular disease risk factors in both the RCTs and cohorts, and lower risk of mortality and type 2 diabetes in the cohorts. Further research on this dietary pattern and replication in other cohort studies is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".