Biomass recovery from herring brines: Exploring quality and functionality of protein and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein-enriched biomasses recovered from herring brines using dissolved air flotation (DAF) at native or low pH were studied in terms of nutrients, volatile compounds, emulsion properties, foaming properties and protein structure. Dried biomasses from native or acidified 3 % pre-salting brine (SB and SB-A) and spice brine (SP and SP-A) contained 69-72 % and 20-31 % protein, respectively; 7.8-10.2 % and 9-18 % lipids, respectively, and 4.4-7.5 % and 33-36 % ash, respectively. Of total fatty acids, up to 44 % were long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LC MUFA) and 17 % LC n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Both emulsion activity index (EAI) and foaming capacity (FC) were higher for SP/SP-A than SB/SB-A. In both cases, there was a minimum at pH 5. The findings suggest that currently wasted herring brine side streams hold promise for production of sustainable, functional protein ingredients which can provide both flavor and nutrients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".