Hemoglobin synthesis rates in young trained and untrained males and females are not different
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We employed deuterated water ( 2 H 2 O) to compare the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of hemoglobin in trained ( n = 10) and untrained humans ( n = 10). Participants had a mean V̇O 2 max of 49.8 [SD: 10.9] mL/kg/min, hemoglobin mass of 775 [180] g, and red blood cell volume of 2370 [550] mL. After a loading dose, participants ingested 2 H 2 O daily for 28 days to maintain a stable 2 H body water enrichment (~0.5 atom percent excess (APE)), as measured in saliva samples. 2 H‐enriched alanine APE was measured in RBC protein using gas chromatography pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The increase in APE for Hb protein was nonlinear for the first 2 weeks but stabilized from day 14 to day 28, with mean APE reaching 0.033 [0.005]% on day 28. Hb FSR calculated over this 2‐week period was 0.84 [0.15]%/day, which equated to an Hb absolute synthetic rate of 6.5 [2.2] g/day and a lifespan of 126 [30] days. Hb FSR was not different between trained (0.83 [0.19] %/day) and untrained (0.86 [0.24] %/day, p = 0.81) individuals or between males (0.80 [0.25] %/day) and females (0.88 [0.17] %/day, p = 0.24). Endurance training and sex did not affect Hb FSR. The 2 H 2 O method to measure Hb FSR is feasible in humans.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".