Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid/liquid-vapor (L/LV) and aqueous-liquid/aqueous-liquid-vapor (AL/ALV) boundaries of pseudo-binary mixtures of bitumen and water were measured using the isothermal stepwise volume expansion method at conditions relevant to in situ heavy oil operations (temperatures from 180 to 280 °C and pressures from 1.5 to 5 MPa). The L/AL boundary was determined from the intersection of the L/LV and AL/ALV boundaries. An activity coefficient model of the pseudo-binary system was used to check the self-consistency of the L/LV measurements. The Advanced Peng Robinson equation of state, which has a distinct alpha function for water, was used to model the VLE and VLLE data. For this model, the oil was characterized into pseudo-components based on a SimDist assay and the specific gravity and asphaltene content of the oil. Temperature dependent binary interaction parameters between bitumen pseudo-components and water were tuned such that the model fit the measurements to within the experimental error. Isothermal pressure-composition phase diagrams were generated for the pseudo-binary mixtures at each temperature. Finally, a straightforward correlation for the solubility limit of water in bitumen as a function of temperature was developed using the data in this study and from the literature. The average deviation of the correlation was 0.5 wt % below 340 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".