Exploration of Dentition Development and Replacement in Two Forms of Mexican Tetra (<scp><i>Astyanax mexicanus</i></scp>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are two main subforms of the teleost fish Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus): the river-dwelling surface fish and the cave-dwelling blind cavefish. Recently, this species has become a popular animal model in developmental biology research. It was reported that cavefish bore more teeth than surface fish; however, a detailed description of oral dentition development and replacement in the Mexican tetra remains unavailable. In this study, we investigated the differences in tooth count between surface fish and cavefish by characterising the features of mandibular dentition in adult Mexican tetras and explored the process of first-generation dentition development in larval fish. Regarding early dentition development, larval surface fish and Pachón cavefish at 12-, 18-, 21-, 24-, and 30-days post-fertilisation were euthanised. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological analysis, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of the odontogenic marker Sox2. The results show that Mexican tetras replaced functional teeth via the successional dental lamina marked by Sox2 expression. Adult Pachón cavefish possessed more intraosseous replacement teeth. Mandibular tooth development in larval fish was also marked by Sox2 expression, and no evidence supported tooth development in a continual dental lamina. Our findings describe the appearance of a successional dental lamina in tooth replacement in the Mexican tetra but provide no evidence regarding a continual dental lamina. In the Mexican tetra, teeth of the first-generation dentition may develop independently. The results of this project will offer valuable histological information for future research into tooth development in the Mexican tetra.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".