A protocol for systematic review on global diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtypes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 subtypes are heterogeneously distributed around the world. Recent works on near full-length genome sequencing of HIV-1 shows increasing events of different recombinant variants and subtype C viruses. The active change in HIV-1 subtype distribution patterns initiate global challenges for diagnosis, treatment and antiretroviral (ARV) drug design. Objectives: Present study has been initiated to provide a summary of the current data on the HIV-1 subtype diversity and distribution by region. Methods: The data will be extracted through data extraction form as per Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) framework. Risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed with the help of Egger’s test and modified Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale respectively. The protocol registration number was International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42023400199. Results: The pattern of HIV-1 subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF)/Unique Recombinant Form (URF) along with their geographical distribution around the world. Conclusion: The future systematic review, which will be generated from the present protocol, may provide evidence of the diversity of HIV-1 subtypes around the world. The present protocol might be handy to conduct a systemic review (and meta-analysis, if possible) on the global diversity of HIV-1 subtypes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.087 | 0.165 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.012 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.016 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".