Environmental impacts generated by artisanal coal mining in Sanagorán, Huamachuco
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The research aims to assess the environmental impacts resulting from coal extraction in artisanal mines located in Agopampa and Huacchac, within Sanagorán, Huamachuco. To achieve this, technical visits and field consultations were conducted with miners and local inhabitants. A methodology based on direct observation and data collection was applied, identifying environmental impacts on the abiotic components (water, soil, and air) and the biotic component (tree deforestation). The evaluation was based on environmental impact intensity criteria: high, medium, and low. A total of 21 environmental impacts were identified, with 40% classified as high intensity, 40% as medium intensity, and 20% as low intensity. One of the most alarming findings was the daily average consumption of 5424 kg of wood in the mines. Additionally, the increase in coal prices led to two main effects: a rise in solid waste production, heightening ecological concerns, and the commercialization of sterile materials, reducing their contaminating impact on the soil. In conclusion, the manual extraction of coal in the area has severe consequences for the ecosystem and public health, while also serving as a crucial economic source for many mining families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".