Dual-Gene Based Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA) - Lateral Flow Strip for the Sensitive On-Site Detection of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> in Food Samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. Currently, most detection methods are primarily focused on pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica; while it has been frequently observed that traditionally believed "non-pathogenic" strains of Y. enterocolitica can also cause human disease. OBJECTIVE: Herein, we have developed a novel dual-recombinase-aided amplification (RAA)-lateral flow test strip assay targeting both of a pathogenic marker (ail) and a conserved gene (foxA) for the rapid detection of both pathogenic and non-pathogen Y. enterocolitica strains in food samples. METHODS: Primers and probes were designed and optimized for the detection of ail and foxA genes using RAA technology. The optimal RAA-LFS assay was then evaluated for specificity and sensitivity, and validated in both chicken samples spiked with a series of ten-fold diluted Y. enterocolitica cultures and 100 natural food samples including milk, chicken, beef, pork, and salmon. RESULTS: The newly designed assay demonstrated 100% specificity and achieved a detection limit of 17 CFU/reaction for both targets, with the entire sample preparation and detection process completed within 25 min. Additionally, the assay showed high sensitivity in spiked chicken samples, achieving a detection limit of 1.03 × 10-1 CFU/mL for both targets. Validation with the natural food samples confirmed the robustness of the assay, as the results from this new assay were in agreement with those from the commonly used traditional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the dual RAA-LFS assay integrates two genetic markers into a single test strip, providing a rapid, cost-effective, specific, and sensitive tool for on-site detection of pathogenic and common Y. enterocolitica strains. HIGHLIGHTS: A novel dual RAA-LFS assay for the rapid detection of both pathogenic and common Y. enterocolitica strains was developed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".