Delegation and control: France and the transit of Moroccan Jews (1948-1954)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the Holocaust and throughout the decolonization period leading up to Morocco's independence in 1956, around 110,000 Moroccan Jews migrated to Palestine/Israel. This article examines the role of the French administration in managing this migration between 1948 and 1954. During this period, France faced the challenge of facilitating the transit of Moroccan Jews through its territory. Drawing on public archives from the French Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and private Jewish organizations, we uncover the extensive administrative strategies employed to monitor and control the movement of a colonized population through metropolitan France. Under the supervision of Israel’s Jewish Agency, while on French soil, Moroccan Jews were channeled in various camps, where they awaited selection for immigration to Israel, receiving medical treatment and training, particularly for the youth. In this article we argue that Moroccan Jews faced many layers of prejudices from French authorities, the Jewish Agency, as well as American and French private Jewish organizations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".