A novel approach for feline sporotrichosis pathogen detection based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a chronic, mycotic infection caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Zoonotic sporotrichosis occurs mainly through S. brasiliensis transmission, resulting from the organism's traumatic introduction via scratches or bites, or contact with exudate from contaminated cats. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a viable molecular alternative for detecting Sporothrix in veterinary low-resource settings. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To develop a LAMP method for Sporothrix identification using fungal isolates and clinical samples of domestic cats (Felis catus). MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA samples were collected from Sporothrix isolates and clinical samples of cats positive for sporotrichosis. Six LAMP primers were designed to amplify the 28S ribosomal RNA region of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis. Colorimetric assay and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to analyse the LAMP amplification. Isolated samples were sequenced using the Sanger technique, employing the amplification of genetic material by conventional PCR with the external primers of LAMP. RESULTS: A sensitivity of 96.77% for isolated Sporothrix samples was found using the LAMP method, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The detection limit of LAMP was between 1 and 10 pg of Sporothrix DNA according to the sample matrix. LAMP showed a sensitivity of 100% using blood samples, 77.78% using intranasal swabs and 92.31% and 100% using swab and adhesive tape samples of cutaneous lesions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings support a simple and quick LAMP-based screening tool for detecting Sporothrix in isolated and clinical samples. This accessible test can aid in disease management when standard culture analysis is unavailable or impractical.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".