Effect of dietary patterns on functional dyspepsia in adults: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Dietary patterns may play important roles in functional dyspepsia (FD) which is one of the widely prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID)s. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of various dietary patterns on FD in adults. METHODS: We searched Embase, Medline (accessed via PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials and observational studies enrolling adults (≥ 18 years old). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Seven studies (three RCTs and four cross-sectional studies) were included. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that a protein-rich DASH diet (Absolute risk (AR):140 more, 95%CI: 58 to 252 more in 1,000) and an unsaturated fat-rich DASH diet (AR: 113 more, 95%CI: 31 to 227 more in 1,000), compared to baseline diet, are likely to increase Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS). Moderate-quality evidence indicates that high versus low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a diet rich in fibers, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and polyphenols, reduced the likelihood of FD (AR:151 fewer, 95%CI: 74 to 203 fewer in 1,000). It is uncertain whether vegetarian and vegan diets, compared to a usual diet, affect PDS due to the very low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: Rigorously conducted RCTs and observational studies are needed to establish the association between dietary patterns and functional dyspepsia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".