The health impact of spiritual intimate partner abuse among women living with HIV in Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although understudied, anecdotal evidence suggests spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse may be prevalent among women living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana. This article examines the prevalence and effects of spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse - spiritual coercion and spiritual control - on the psychosocial (depression) and sexual health (unwanted pregnancies) outcomes of women living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana. METHODS: Data were collected from 1007 women living with HIV who attended Voluntary Counseling and Testing services at two district hospitals in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Descriptive and multivariate logit models were used to examine the prevalence and impact of spiritual intimate partner abuse, measured as coercion and control on depression and unwanted pregnancies. RESULTS: Results showed that about 36% of the participants reported spiritual coercion, and 27% experienced spiritual control. Those who experienced spiritual coercion were significantly more likely to report unwanted pregnancies than those who did not. Women who experienced spiritual control were more likely to report depression than those who did not. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the need to educate Ghanaian women living with HIV about spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse and to screen this type of violence as part of HIV care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".