Post‐Operative Pain After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery (POPPOP): A Double Blind Randomised Multicentre Study to Assess the Effect of Local Anaesthesia During Vaginal Hysterectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare local anaesthetic with adrenaline (LAA) with normal saline for hydrodissection at vaginal hysterectomy. DESIGN: A double-blind, two parallel group multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) was planned. SETTING: 217 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy were screened in the five participating centres between March 2015 and December 2018. POPULATION: 156 patients were recruited. METHODS: Patients were randomised to Bupivacaine 0.25%/0.5% with adrenaline 1:200000 vesus normal saline. They completed baseline 'pre-operation', 'same day 3-6 h post-op' and 'morning after surgery' short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SFMcGill). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary endpoint was post-operative pain measured using SFMcGill. Secondary endpoints included estimated blood loss (EBL), ease of dissection, severity of ooze, change in pre- and post-operative haemoglobin, operating time, duration of inpatient stay and incidence of post-operative morbidity. RESULTS: There were no demographic differences between the groups. LAA was associated with significantly smaller increases in pain scores compared to placebo, both between pre-operative and same-day post-operative (7.105 p < 0.001) and to the next day post-operative (1.334 p < 0.001). Use of placebo infiltrate was associated with increased intra-operative bleeding (difference in EBL 110 mL p < 0.001), increased severity of ooze (VAS difference 5.01 p < 0.001), and more difficult dissection (VAS difference 2.96 p < 0.001). There were no differences in pre-operative or post-operative measures of Hb, PCV, or post-operative analgesia (p > 0.05). There were significantly more complications in the placebo arm (5 vs. 0, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This multicentre-RCT demonstrated the value of LAA compared to normal saline as a paracervical infiltrate during vaginal hysterectomy under general anaesthesia: reduced intra-operative blood loss, improved ease of dissection, decreased same and next day pain scores and complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".