Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article addresses the analytical challenges posed by the administration of John F. Kennedy for scholars who would seek to “rate” American presidents from the perspective of Canadian interests. No one in Canada seems to have much of a desire to try to rank-order the presidents systematically. But if they did, the Kennedy administration would present an enigma for them, because while America’s 35th president was very popular with Canadians, his time in office is nevertheless typically recalled as having been an extremely turbulent period in Canadian–American relations. The turbulence was almost exclusively attributable to differences between the two countries over whether Canada had committed itself to equipping a suite of recently acquired weapons-delivery systems with nuclear warheads, and as a result the events of the early 1960s have routinely (if not completely accurately) been subsumed under the rubric of the “Bomarc crisis.” This article tells the story of that crisis, set against the larger backdrop of the challenges facing scholars wrestling with the question of how American leaders might be systematically assessed and ranked according to their impact upon Canadian national interests.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.027 | 0.076 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".