Winter Distribution, Ecology and Movements of Razorbills Alca Torda and Other Auks in the Outer Bay of Fundy, Eastern Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Casual observations between 1992 and 1997 indicated that up to 25 000 Razorbills Alca torda may occur around Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy, from December to February-numbers far exceeding those of local breeders.Standardized surveys conducted on 26 days between November 1997 and March 1998 revealed up to 52 000 auks of five species, mostly Razorbills, off Grand Manan.Birds were concentrated near the Old Proprietor Shoals.No similar or larger number of wintering Razorbills has been reported for North America.Offshore profile surveys of Old Proprietor Shoals and concurrent land-based counts were carried out during 1998/99 to investigate further the extent of auk distribution and the timing and magnitude of movements in winter.Large numbers of Razorbills (mean: 10 616 per survey) were recorded, especially in mid-January.Bird movement caused wide fluctuations in numbers among surveys.We conclude that a significant proportion of Razorbills breeding in North America spend at least part of the winter in the outer Bay of Fundy and in its coastal zone (i.e. less than eight kilometres offshore).Thus, this population may be more concentrated spatially in winter than during the breeding season.Of 21 Razorbill stomachs collected in 1999, 76% contained krill.We suggest that Razorbills, like many other wide-ranging marine predators in winter, are often concentrated in relatively small areas where predictable concentrations of prey occur.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it