Ruminally Protected Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, and Threonine Supplementation of Low-Protein Diets Improved the Performance and Nitrogen Efficiency of Dairy Cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing rumen-protected methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and leucine to low-protein diets on lactating dairy cow performance. Sixty Holstein cows were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 9-week randomized complete block design: positive control (16% crude protein diet; 16% CP), negative control (12% CP), 12% CP plus the four essential amino acids (12% CP + EAA), and 14% CP supplemented with the four EAA (14% CP + EAA). The milk protein yield was significantly decreased in the 12% CP group compared to the 16% CP group but was restored to comparable levels with EAA supplementation of both the 12% and 14% CP diets. Dietary nitrogen intake and urinary nitrogen excretion both increased with higher dietary CP levels. Nitrogen utilization efficiency in milk was significantly improved by EAA supplementation, with the highest efficiency observed in the 12% CP + EAA treatment (39.0% vs. 33.3% in the 16% CP diet). Plasma urea levels increased with elevated dietary CP and EAA supplementation. Moreover, EAA supplementation significantly elevated venous methionine levels and showed a tendency to increase venous leucine levels. Additionally, compared to the negative control, EAA supplementation increased concentrations of glucagon and prolactin (p < 0.05). EAA supplementation of low-protein diets, particularly the 14% CP diet, improved the dietary protein efficiency of lactating cows without a concomitant decrease in milk protein yield.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".