Evaluating putative <i>Dryas ajanensis</i> Juzepczuk ssp. <i>beringensis</i> Jurtzev ×<i> Dryas integrifolia</i> Vahl hybrids using leaf morphometrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dryas (Rosaceae) is an alpine and circumpolar genus of long-lived dwarf shrubs with extensive interspecific hybridization. Here, we evaluate leaf morphology in Dryas ajanensis, Dryas integrifolia, and their putative hybrids in northwestern North America and determine the leaf characters that enable differentiation of the putative hybrids from their parents. Morphometric analyses of leaves from herbarium specimens were conducted to test the hypothesis that D. ajanensis × D. integrifolia hybrids have intermediate leaf morphology relative to their parents . Fourteen leaf traits including size, shape, and the presence of glands and feathery hairs (“scales”) were assessed on 109 specimens. Leaf length, width, lobe depth, extent of lobe cover, and the presence or absence of “scales” and glands were identified as important traits in distinguishing the parent taxa and putative hybrids. Leaves of the putative hybrid plants are characterised by a continuous range of morphological variation between their respective parents. Overall, the results confirm the hybrid origin of many plants and suggest D. ajanensis × D. integrifolia hybrids in northwestern North America originated from a hybrid swarm similar to Dryas hybrid swarms observed elsewhere. Surprisingly, many hybrid plants appear to occur within the geographic range of one but not both parents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".