The US attack on universities endangers future scientific progress, American prosperity, health outcomes, and national security
Bibliographic record
Abstract
America's position as the world's dominant nation began after World War II with the appreciation that science played an outsized role in winning the war.For that reason, the US decided that the growth of American science, through investments in its universities, would position the country both as a dominant force in science and as the world's preeminent superpower. 1 This was informed by the 1945 report to President Truman by Vannevar Bush entitled Science: The Endless Frontier.The result has been enormous economic and military gains for the US, spectacular advances in science and technology, major advances in the treatment of disease, and the birth of the high tech and biotech sectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.028 | 0.087 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.057 | 0.050 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".