Challenges in the Anthropocene: Concrete Modified with Pumice Stone Powder from Demolished Block
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing demand for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and the high CO2 emissions generated during its manufacturing process have led to significant efforts to reduce the use of OPC in concrete and decrease CO2 emissions through pozzolanic materials.Pumice block debris (PBD) from demolition contains products exposed to high temperatures in the past, imparting pozzolanic properties.The chemical composition of PBD was studied, and the aggregate properties were characterized to produce standard concrete (PC) with a strength of 26 MPa, as well as modified concrete (MC).PBD was used as a partial replacement for OPC in varying percentages by weight.The investigative model includes three levels for each substitution variable: PC0%, MC3%, MC6%, MC9%, MC12%, and MC15%.The results were evaluated using inferential statistics.Workability and compressive strength were assessed at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing.The results indicate that increasing the substitution percentage decreases the slump.The compressive strength is highest for MC6%, showing a 5.56% increase compared to standard concrete.The pozzolanic activity index was found to be 77.71%,which is higher than the minimum required value of 75%.It is reported that CO2 emissions are reduced by 16.62 kg CO2/m 3 of modified concrete.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".