Improving The Structural Performance Of Environmentally Friendly Block Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the structural performance of Compressed Earth Block (CEB) walls compared to conventional Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) walls, with a focus on the impact of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening techniques.CEBs are recognized as a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials, offering benefits such as reduced embodied energy and lower CO2 emissions.Two experimental setups were constructed to evaluate the lateral structural performance of CEB walls under both out-of-plane and in-plane loading conditions.The results demonstrated that CMU walls significantly outperformed CEB walls in terms of initial stiffness, maximum lateral load, and ductility.However, the application of CFRP to CEB walls notably increased their performance, nearly doubling the maximum lateral load in the out-of-plane direction and increasing the in-plane load to 89 % of the CMU wall's capacity.Additionally, the ductility of the CEB-CFRP wall was significantly enhanced compared to that of the CMU wall in the in-plane loading direction.The improvement in the performance in the in-plane direction was much better than that in the out-ofplane direction.These findings highlight the potential for CEB construction to serve as a viable alternative to traditional masonry, especially when enhanced with CFRP techniques.Further research is recommended to optimize design and construction practices for CEB walls, maximizing their structural and economic advantages while promoting the use of sustainable building materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".