Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through In Vitro and In Vivo Intergenotypic Gene Complementation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Objectives: African swine fever (ASF), a fatal febrile hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, is caused by ASF virus (ASFV). ASF continues to spread across the globe, causing a significant impact on the world’s pig industry. Recently, highly virulent chimeric ASFV (chASFV) strains with recombined genomes of the p72 genotype I and II viruses have been reported in China, Vietnam and Russia. Methods: In order to understand the propensity of ASFV genome for recombination, we attempted to experimentally generate chASFVs both in vitro and in vivo employing two distinct attenuated ASFV strains: OUR T88/3 (genotype I) and AQSΔB119L (genotype II). Results: When IPKM cells were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L strains, three genetically distinct chASFV emerged. When pigs were inoculated with the individual chASFV isolates, all pigs developed acute ASF. When four pigs were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L, all of them developed acute ASF and died or were euthanized. Three chASFV strains were successfully isolated from splenic homogenates from each pig. Conclusions: Our research indicates that genotype I and II chASFV with diverse genomes can be easily generated experimentally both in vitro and in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".