Use of anthropogenic structures for nesting by Loggerhead Shrikes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As human activities continue to reshape ecosystems, reports of anthropogenic nest site use by birds are increasing. Although many of these reports focus on cavity nesting species using artificial nest boxes, many species also use buildings and other anthropogenic structures as nesting sites. Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) are one species for which this behavior has received limited attention in both the literature and community science databases. Here we document and compile our own observations and additional reports of shrikes using anthropogenic structures as nesting sites from a review of existing community science-based databases. Together, the six reports of nesting attempts presented here demonstrate that anthropogenic nest site use by shrikes is a repeated behavior throughout their range. Notably, the success of at least two of these anthropogenic nesting attempts suggests that these sites may offer suitable nest sites in areas where natural nesting sites are limited. Compiling information on anthropogenic nest site use by bird species may help inform the frequency, effects, and potential conservation benefits of this behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".