<i>Fraxinus</i> foliage: does host species during adult maturation feeding alter the fecundity of emerald ash borers, <i>Agrilus planipennis</i> Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herbivorous insects can have their reproductive potential influenced by the quality and species of host plants they feed upon. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) within its introduced range. As adults, EAB must feed upon foliage to sexually mature. We compared the influence of 4 North American ash species on EAB via foliage feeding to assess impacts on female lifespan and reproductive metrics. We fed 136 female EAB, 34 in each foliage group, either black, green, tropical, or white ash throughout their adult life. We performed daily inspections for adult mortality, oviposition, and egg hatching. We found that the mean female lifespan, fertility rate, and mean egg development time were not affected by the ash species. Potential and realized fecundity each increased with summed female group lifespan (days), but this rate differed among ash species. Consequently, there was a statistically significant interaction effect of the summed female group lifespan and the host foliage. Green ash-fed EAB laid (2.94 ± 0.86 eggs/female days) and hatched (1.67 ± 0.59 eggs/female days) the most eggs, more than double the rates of EAB feeding on black (1.39 ± 0.48 laid and 0.75 ± 0.30 hatched eggs/female days) and white (1.08 ± 0.35 laid and 0.65 ± 0.22 hatched eggs/female days) ash. Adults feeding on green ash resulted in the greatest EAB fecundity suggesting that the presence of green ash may promote population growth and provide a pathway to overwhelm other ash species nearby.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".