Preparing for hibernation: above ground activity and body temperature of free-living golden-mantled ground squirrels ( <i>Callospermophilus lateralis</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The annual cycle of obligate hibernators includes a prehibernation phase that remains poorly understood. To elucidate prehibernation behavior and physiology under natural conditions, we investigated patterns of above ground presence and body temperature ( T b ) in free-living golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Callospermophilus lateralis (Say, 1823)). We hypothesized that daily patterns of above ground presence and T b , and transitions in these patterns as animals approach hibernation, reflect energy conservation strategies that are important to survival. We found that daily above ground presence and T b were predicted by day length, ambient temperature ( T a ), and soil temperature ( T soil ), and that T a and humidity explained variation in duration and timing of above ground presence. In the month prior to hibernation, animals reduced time spent above ground and time spent at high T b , and progressively decreased T b . Daily and transitional patterns differed between animals that survived until hibernation and those that died prior. Compared to animals that died, survivors spent less time above ground per day and exhibited faster and more pronounced decreases in T b . Our results do not provide evidence for causes of mortality for those that died, but an extended active season and above ground presence may expose animals to predation risks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".