Climate Justice and Gender Equity: Addressing the Silent Crisis of Environmental Displacement Among Indigenous Women During the Nigerian-Biafran War
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article employs feminist political ecology (FPE) and intersectional theory to examine the weaponization of environmental destruction against Indigenous Igbo women during the Nigerian-Biafran War (1967-1970).Through analysis of archival records, oral histories, and war literature, it reveals how scorched-earth tactics, food blockades, and oil-backed military strategies constituted gendered ecocide, systematically targeting women's subsistence economies, ecological knowledge, and cultural ties to the land.The study documents three interconnected acts of violence: (1) economic (destruction of agrarian systems forcing women into perilous survival economies), ( 2) embodied (weaponized famine and sexual trauma), and (3) epistemic (erasure of women's resistance in postwar narratives).Findings highlight Indigenous women's clandestine resilience through seed preservation, "affia attack" smuggling networks, and grassroots governance while exposing how postwar reconstruction policies perpetuated harm through gender-blind land reforms.The article concludes with reparative frameworks centering on land restitution, gender-sensitive climate adaptation, and methodological shifts in environmental conflict studies.It calls for research that amplifies oral histories and traces intergenerational impacts, arguing that true climate justice requires confronting the colonial-patriarchal systems that render Indigenous women's bodies and territories as battlefields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".