Highly Conductive and Self‐Healing Polymer‐Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel‐Based All‐in‐One Stretchable Supercapacitor
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stretchable supercapacitors offer strong potential as energy storage solutions for next‐generation stretchable electronics. However, maintaining stable and durable electrical output under various deformations, such as bending, twisting, and stretching, remains a challenge. This study presents an all‐in‐one stretchable supercapacitor that utilizes a polymer‐silver nanocomposite hydrogel as the unified base for both the electrode and electrolyte layers. Nonstoichiometric nickel oxide nanoparticles are synthesized and integrated into the polymer‐silver nanocomposite hydrogel to form the hydrogel electrode, which exhibits an elongation at break of up to 1711%, an ultimate tensile strength of 250.7 kPa, and an energy at break of 1.65 MJ m −3 . The supercapacitor device is constructed by placing the nanocomposite hydrogel electrolyte layer (swollen in a lithium chloride solution) between two hydrogel electrode layers, with an areal capacitance of 6.4 mF cm −2 at 0.5 mA cm −2 . The device demonstrates excellent self‐healing capability with self‐healing efficiencies of ≥80% for mechanical properties and 98% for electrochemical performance. These findings provide a promising avenue for next‐generation stretchable energy storage devices.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it