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Record W4409874500 · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03668-w

SPIRIT 2025 statement: updated guideline for protocols of randomized trials

2025· review· en· W4409874500 on OpenAlexaff
An‐Wen Chan, Isabelle Boutron, Sally Hopewell, David Moher, Kenneth F. Schulz, Gary S. Collins, R. Tunn, Rakesh Aggarwal, Michael Berkwits, Jesse A. Berlin, Nita Bhandari, Nancy J. Butcher, Marion Campbell, Runcie C.W. Chidebe, Diana Elbourne, Andrew Farmer, Dean Fergusson, Robert Golub, Steven N. Goodman, Tammy Hoffmann, John P. A. Ioannidis, Brennan C Kahan, Rachel L Knowles, Sarah E Lamb, Steff Lewis, Elizabeth Loder, Martin Offringa, Philippe Ravaud, Dawn P. Richards, Frank W. Rockhold, David L. Schriger, Nandi Siegfried, Sophie Staniszewska, R. Taylor, Lehana Thabane, David Torgerson, Sunita Vohra, Ian R. White, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson

Bibliographic record

VenueNature Medicine · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicMeta-analysis and systematic reviews
Canadian institutionsImpactUniversity of AlbertaRobarts Clinical TrialsUniversity of TorontoSickKids FoundationSt. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonHospital for Sick ChildrenOttawa HospitalMcMaster UniversityWomen's College Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGuidelineStatement (logic)Randomized controlled trialMedicineMEDLINEFamily medicineIntensive care medicineInternal medicinePolitical sciencePathologyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.691
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.749
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Meta-epidemiology (broad), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (broad)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.444
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.6910.749
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0970.018
Bibliometrics0.0020.004
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0040.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0260.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.829
GPT teacher head0.701
Teacher spread0.129 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations86
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno

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