The Therapeutic Potential of EGCG and Pro-EGCG in Mitigating Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Unraveling the Modulatory Mechanism through the VEGF Pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, characterized by increased capillary permeability.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator in OHSS, with serum VEGF levels correlating with its severity.In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its derivative, Pro-EGCG, in mitigating OHSS.Using both in vitro and in vivo models, including primary human granulosa-lutein cells, the human granulosa-like tumor KGN cell line, and a rat OHSS model induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, we found that EGCG and Pro-EGCG significantly reduced OHSS progression.This was supported by histological analyses, reductions in ovarian weight, and decreased VEGF expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels.Mechanistic studies revealed that EGCG and Pro-EGCG inhibit TGF--induced VEGF production through suppression of the TGF-/Smad and PKA-CREB signaling pathways.RNA sequencing further validated the downregulation of VEGF expression following treatment.These findings highlight the potential of EGCG as a novel adjuvant therapy for managing OHSS, providing a mechanistic basis for its clinical application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".