Pediatric Sharp Foreign Body Aspiration: Revealing Unexpected Risk Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Characterize the demographic and clinical features of pediatric sharp foreign body aspiration (FBA). STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four-year retrospective chart review. SETTING: Four tertiary-care centers across four Canadian provinces. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for sharp FBA below the vocal cords at the McGill University, McMaster University, University of Alberta, and Dalhousie health centers from January 1, 2000, to November 30, 2023. RESULTS: In total, 48 patients (27 males and 21 females, mean age of 10.1 years) met the inclusion criteria. Thumbtacks were the most common aspirated objects (66.7%). The mean age for thumbtack aspiration was 11.6 years, which was significantly higher than the 7.0-year mean for other sharp FBAs (P = .0263). Subgroup analysis of patients who resided in an Indigenous territory had a significantly greater rate of thumbtack aspiration (89.3%, P = .0001). Sharp FBA presented with typical symptoms of FBA with the addition of a higher incidence of chest pain (27.1%) and hemoptysis (18.8%), and it was characterized by a higher incidence of radiopaque FBs on chest radiography (89.6%). Most complications, including postoperative atelectasis (27.1%), pneumothorax (4.2%), perforation (2.1%), and vocal cord hematoma (2.1%), were observed with thumbtacks. CONCLUSION: This is the largest pediatric study on sharp FBA in America, addressing a significant gap in the literature. Considering the trends and patient demographics identified in this study and in the literature globally, geographical or cultural variations may influence the nature of sharp FBA in pediatric populations. Insights from this study can inform future prevention programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".