Jejunal Ectopic Pancreas: A Case Report and Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This case report describes a rare etiology of a symptomatic small bowel mass that had been causing our patient spontaneous abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. The patient is a 53-year-old Caucasian male undergoing chemotherapy and radiation for a nasopharyngeal Epstein-Barr virus-positive carcinoma. He presented to the urgent care with two days of sharp upper abdominal pain and nausea without association of symptoms to prior chemotherapy treatments. Workup initially suggested a jejunal hematoma, which was later revealed to be a mass. The patient underwent outpatient robot-assisted laparoscopic resection of the mass. Pathology demonstrated benign ectopic pancreatic tissue invading through the serosa into the muscularis propria with the sampled lymph nodes negative for malignancy. Ectopic pancreas is a rare congenital abnormality most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. Most cases are asymptomatic, but epigastric pain is the most common symptom, followed by nausea, vomiting, and hematochezia. While a benign finding, the index of suspicion for malignancy should remain high as diagnosis can be difficult. Ectopic pancreatic tissue is susceptible to the same pathology that may affect a native pancreas, including pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy. Radiological and endoscopy studies are useful adjuncts that may increase clinical suspicion; however, it is difficult to differentiate ectopic pancreas from a neoplasm without tissue biopsy. Although no standardized approach exists, surgical resection remains a mainstay of diagnosis and treatment, especially in anatomic locations not amenable to endoscopic intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".