Uniaxial Stretching of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate‐Co‐Adipate) Films Filled With Silane‐Treated Wollastonite: Processing and Performance Evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT With the increase in public awareness about climate change, research on bioplastic packaging films has intensified. This research aims to enhance the performance of bio‐based Polybutylene succinate‐co‐adipate (BioPBSA) and silane‐treated wollastonite (S‐t‐WS) films using the uniaxial stretching process. The composite films are prepared by adding 15 and 25 wt.% S‐t‐WS followed by uniaxial stretching at stretch ratio (SR) 2.5 and 3.5. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and Young's modulus of the films, increase considerably after stretching, with maximum improvements of approximately 213% and 25%, respectively, compared to their unstretched counterparts. The XRD and DSC analysis show that the % crystallinity of the films increases with uniaxial stretching. This is because of the strain‐induced crystallization phenomenon, which enhances the mechanical properties. The morphology of the stretched and unstretched films reveals better filler dispersion in the 15 wt.% filled films compared to the 25 wt.% ones. The water vapor barrier performance of BioPBSA/15S‐t‐WS improves by 12% compared to its unstretched counterpart. Moreover, the water contact angle of all the film samples is also tested. Therefore, this first‐ever study on uniaxially stretched BioPBSA/S‐t‐WS‐based films at different SRs serves as a significant scientific contribution to developing robust biodegradable films for packaging applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".