<i>Stagonosporopsis citrulli</i> : The Causal Agent of Gummy Stem Blight on <i>Luffa acutangula</i> and <i>Momordica charantia</i> in Guangdong Province of China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Luffa acutangula and Momordica charantia, known for their edible and medicinal value, are economically important cucurbitaceous vegetable crops cultivated globally. Gummy stem blight, primarily caused by Stagonosporopsis species, is a devastating disease on cucurbits, resulting in significant economic losses. Although occurrence of gummy stem blight on L. acutangula and M. charantia has been reported previously, the pathogen responsible for the disease on these two crops has not been clearly identified because of the taxonomical nomenclature changes. During the period from 2018 to 2024, diseases resembling gummy stem blight were commonly observed on L. acutangula and M. charantia in Guangdong Province of China, with a disease incidence for L. acutangula of 13.5 to 21.7% in Guangzhou and 13.5 to 25.0% in Huizhou and a disease incidence for M. charantia of 20.0 to 30.0% in Guangzhou and 16.7 to 26.7% in Huizhou. Samples of symptomatic leaves, stems, and fruits were collected, and 52 fungal isolates with similar colony morphology were obtained. The initial identification of these isolates was based on cultural and morphological characteristics, which placed them in Stagonosporopsis. Subsequently, they were identified as S. citrulli with multilocus phylogenetic analyses using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and portions of the β-tubulin, chitin synthase I, and calmodulin genes. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on leaves and fruits of L. acutangula, M. charantia, and Cucumis sativus with representative isolates of S. citrulli. These isolates produced lesion symptoms on L. acutangula and M. charantia similar to the disease symptoms in the field. Furthermore, they were also pathogenic to C. sativus. The same pathogen was reisolated from lesions of inoculated plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this study is the first report identifying S. citrulli as the causal agent of gummy stem blight on L. acutangula and M. charantia in China.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".