“We are all Servants.“ The Diversity of Service in Premodern Europe (1000–1700) , éd. Isabelle Cochelin , Diane Wolfthal , Toronto, Centre for Renaissance and Reformation Studies, 2022 ; 1 vol., 632 p. ( Essays and Studies , 54). ISBN : 978-0-772-72228-7. Prix : USD 59,95
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite acting as links between the agricultural production of the countryside and the commercial activities of the late medieval cities, urban peasants have been the subject of few research. In Montpellier, metropolis of Bas-Languedoc, they represented a significant portion of the city’s population. Based on the study of fiscal, administrative and notarial sources, this article questions their role and their place in the city in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The demographic weight of peasants, their geographical distribution in the city and the structure of their assets are examined in a first section, which highlights the numerical importance of the urban peasantry and their relative poverty. The second section focuses on work arrangements. Notwithstanding a certain degree of perpetuation of the profession within families, the lauradors and gardeners of Montpellier maintained close links with “urban” professions, particularly artisanal, through marriages and the placement of young people in apprenticeships. Peasants were also civic actors in their community. The lauradors could access various consular offices and had the guarantee, until the end of the fourteenth century, of being represented in the urban Consulate. The main almsgiving event of Montpellier placed the workers of the city, representing the social fabric and embodying reciprocity in charity, given by the humble for the humble.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".