Reliability and validity study of the “5Cs” hesitancy scale for maternal influenza vaccination among pregnant and postpartum women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal influenza vaccine hesitancy plays a vital role in the low rates of vaccination. However, instruments to appropriately assess perinatal influenza vaccine hesitancy are unavailable. This study aimed to develop the Maternal Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Scale based on the 5C vaccination hesitancy scale, containing the subscales of confidence, complacency, constraints, calculative, and collective responsibility, and to provide a preliminary overview of the current hesitancy on maternal influenza vaccination in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, from January to March 2024, was carried out among 2035 pregnant and postpartum women from nine provincial-level administrative divisions representing eastern, central, western, and northeastern areas of China. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability, and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient > 0.7 was considered acceptable. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with good model fit defined as root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.100, normed fit index (NFI) > 0.9, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.9, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.9. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the five-factor structure of the scale (RMESA = 0.098, CFI = 0.921, TLI = 0.903, NFI = 0.918). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale as well as the subscales ranged from 0.802 to 0.958. Among five subscales, collective responsibility (2.73 ± 0.63) scored highest, while complacency (2.16 ± 0.69) and constraints (2.17 ± 0.69) were the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: The Maternal Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Scale developed in this study is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the influenza vaccine hesitancy of pregnant and postpartum women. It is recommended that interventions including health education and improving the access to the vaccination service be carried out to reduce the maternal influenza vaccination hesitancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".