Cytokines and HIV associated neurological manifestations: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Cytokines are key players in the immune system’s reaction to HIV and play a crucial role in HIV pathogenesis. Dysregulation of cytokines can contribute to the disease’s pathogenesis and associated complications, making a comprehensive understanding of their roles crucial for developing efficacious therapeutic interventions against HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to examine the role of cytokines in HIV associated neurological manifestations and related complications. Materials and methods. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were explored for original English literature until September 10, 2022. Eligible articles for data extraction were screened and selected in two steps using some inclusion/ exclusion criteria. This study conforms to the PRISMA checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results. This review included a total of 15 studies. It was identified that cytokines were associated with sleep problems and numerous neurological manifestations. The most common neurological conditions include dementia, seizure, meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, microcephalus, encephalitis, and gliosis. Commonly used cytokines detection methods included PCR, ELISA, Luminex xMAP multiplex platform, and PUREGene DNA Isolation System. Cytokine samples were mostly taken from blood and tissue. Conclusion. There is an interconnecting pathway of cytokines, neurological function (mainly dementia), and sleep habits in people living with HIV. Despite this, the mechanism of cytokines influencing sleep problems and neuropathological disorders remains unclear. Further research is warranted to determine the potential mechanisms and impact of cytokines associations in HIV progression.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".