Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion (FETO) for Left and Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe perinatal and short-term pediatric outcomes and procedural safety of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) in a Canadian national referral centre. METHODS: Retrospective study including all consecutive FETO cases at the Ontario Fetal Centre between 2010 and 2024. Maternal and fetal baseline characteristics, technical aspects and short-term outcomes until 6 months are described. RESULTS: FETO was successfully performed in 47/48 (98%) cases at an average gestational age (GA) of 28.5 (24-31.6) weeks including 22 (47%) moderate LCDH (M-LCDH), 12 (25%) severe LCDH (S-LCDH) and 13 (28%) right CDH (RCDH). There were no major complications. Balloon removals were emergent in 23/46 (50%) and challenging in 14/46 (30%) of cases. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (< 37 weeks) occurred in 70% (33/47) with average GA at birth of 35.9 weeks (29.0-40.4 weeks). Survival to discharge was 54% (25/46), specifically 64% (14/22), 33% (4/12), and 58% (7/12) among M-LCDH, S-LCDH and RCDH, respectively. Patch repair was performed in 28/30 (93%). Supplemental oxygen and tube feeding were required in 32% (8/25) and 68% (15/22) of survivors at discharge, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this North American series, FETO outcomes were similar to those observed in international trials, confirming its effectiveness. Studies are ongoing to evaluate long-term outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".