Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion (FETO) for Left and Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe perinatal and short-term pediatric outcomes and procedural safety of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) in a Canadian national referral centre. METHODS: Retrospective study including all consecutive FETO cases at the Ontario Fetal Centre between 2010 and 2024. Maternal and fetal baseline characteristics, technical aspects and short-term outcomes until 6 months are described. RESULTS: FETO was successfully performed in 47/48 (98%) cases at an average gestational age (GA) of 28.5 (24-31.6) weeks including 22 (47%) moderate LCDH (M-LCDH), 12 (25%) severe LCDH (S-LCDH) and 13 (28%) right CDH (RCDH). There were no major complications. Balloon removals were emergent in 23/46 (50%) and challenging in 14/46 (30%) of cases. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (< 37 weeks) occurred in 70% (33/47) with average GA at birth of 35.9 weeks (29.0-40.4 weeks). Survival to discharge was 54% (25/46), specifically 64% (14/22), 33% (4/12), and 58% (7/12) among M-LCDH, S-LCDH and RCDH, respectively. Patch repair was performed in 28/30 (93%). Supplemental oxygen and tube feeding were required in 32% (8/25) and 68% (15/22) of survivors at discharge, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this North American series, FETO outcomes were similar to those observed in international trials, confirming its effectiveness. Studies are ongoing to evaluate long-term outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".