The association of parental or caregiver alcohol use with child maltreatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Caregiver alcohol use is a risk factor for child maltreatment, but a previous meta-analysis was limited to physical abuse only. We aimed to quantify the association of parental or caregiver alcohol use with child maltreatment and assess if this differs by incidence or recurrence of maltreatment and level of caregiver alcohol use. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies according to a registered protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42020211585). We searched the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library in November 2024. We included studies that reported the association of interest. We excluded studies that only assessed prenatal alcohol use or caregiver substance use, and studies that did not adjust for socio-economic position. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles for relevance, extracted data from the included studies and assessed the methodological quality of studies using criteria adapted from the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We performed meta-analyses using inverse variance weighting and random effects models. RESULTS: We included seven studies on child maltreatment incidence and five on recurrence. All were cohort studies in high-income countries: three in Australia, one in Denmark, one in New Zealand, two in South Korea, one in the United Kingdom and four in the United States. The sample size ranged from 501 to 84 245 (median 4782). Caregiver alcohol-related diagnoses were associated with higher child maltreatment incidence [odds ratio (OR) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-4.89] and recurrence (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.13-3.28) compared with caregivers without alcohol-related diagnoses. An association of any caregiver drinking with child maltreatment incidence could not be ruled out (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.72-2.08). The review was limited by high heterogeneity and variable reporting of alcohol use and child maltreatment; however, we obtained similar results after sensitivity analysis and adjustment for reporting bias. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver alcohol use may be an important risk factor for child maltreatment, adding to the growing body of evidence on alcohol's harm to others and calling for stronger actions to reduce alcohol harm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.063 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.020 | 0.041 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".