Shifting and tilting towards enhanced piezoelectricity in high-temperature ceramics: an average structure study of (1 − <i>x</i> )BiFe <sub>2/8</sub> Ti <sub>3/8</sub> Mg <sub>3/8</sub> O <sub>3</sub> – <i>x</i> PbTiO <sub>3</sub> through X-ray and neutron diffraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive report is provided of the average structure of a high Curie temperature ferroelectric ceramic, (1 − x )BiFe 2/8 Ti 3/8 Mg 3/8 O 3 – x PbTiO 3 (BFTM– x PT) when x = 0.25–0.375 at room temperature. Both neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data were collected and combined Rietveld refinements were completed. These data revealed that, of the compositions studied, BFTM– x PT crystallizes as mixed phase material. At x = 0.25–0.275, the average structure of each phase is best described by space groups R 3 c and Cc . At 0.30 ≥ x ≥ 0.35, a morphotropic phase boundary is present and is best modelled by space groups P 4 mm and Cc , where space group Cc is the dominant phase. As the concentration of PbTiO 3 increases, the amount of octahedral tilting decreases and x = 0.375 exhibits a loss of octahedral tilting and crystallizes in space groups P 4 mm and Cm . An updated phase diagram at room temperature of this novel system is given and structural intricacies responsible for its piezoelectric properties are revealed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".