Shifting and tilting towards enhanced piezoelectricity in high-temperature ceramics: an average structure study of (1 − <i>x</i> )BiFe <sub>2/8</sub> Ti <sub>3/8</sub> Mg <sub>3/8</sub> O <sub>3</sub> – <i>x</i> PbTiO <sub>3</sub> through X-ray and neutron diffraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive report is provided of the average structure of a high Curie temperature ferroelectric ceramic, (1 − x )BiFe 2/8 Ti 3/8 Mg 3/8 O 3 – x PbTiO 3 (BFTM– x PT) when x = 0.25–0.375 at room temperature. Both neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data were collected and combined Rietveld refinements were completed. These data revealed that, of the compositions studied, BFTM– x PT crystallizes as mixed phase material. At x = 0.25–0.275, the average structure of each phase is best described by space groups R 3 c and Cc . At 0.30 ≥ x ≥ 0.35, a morphotropic phase boundary is present and is best modelled by space groups P 4 mm and Cc , where space group Cc is the dominant phase. As the concentration of PbTiO 3 increases, the amount of octahedral tilting decreases and x = 0.375 exhibits a loss of octahedral tilting and crystallizes in space groups P 4 mm and Cm . An updated phase diagram at room temperature of this novel system is given and structural intricacies responsible for its piezoelectric properties are revealed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".