Modeling post‐earthquake functional recovery of bridges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapid restoration of transportation systems following earthquake disruptions is essential due to its significant impact on commutes, freight transport, and emergency medical response. This study develops a framework to model bridge post‐earthquake functional recovery, which is a critical step in assessing the seismic resilience of transportation networks. A simulation‐based strategy is used, which is initiated by component‐level damage assessment. This is followed by three major modules that include functional state evaluation, impeding factor definition and duration, and repair or replacement duration. The functional state module determines the bridge closure decisions (e.g. partial or complete lane closure, weight restriction) immediately after the earthquake and during the reopening phase. The duration estimates include the time delays before the initiation of repairs (in the impeding factor module) and the time needed to perform any necessary repairs or to replace the bridge (in the repair or replacement duration module). Worker allocation schemes and repair sequencing are explicitly considered to realistically reflect local construction practices. The framework architecture and duration‐based input parameters were informed by a series of interviews with California bridge engineers and builders. Nonetheless, the overall methodology is flexible and can be easily adapted to other jurisdictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".