Validity and Reliability of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) in Indonesia: Scale for the Detection of Psychological Distress in Individuals Experiencing Quarter-life Crisis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ)-12) for the Indonesian version, specifically for individuals who experience a quarter-life crisis. Individuals who experience a quarter-life crisis are identical in the form of psychological distress. The development of the GHQ-12 instrument was carried out to facilitate professionals in detecting levels of psychological distress as well as as an instrument in providing appropriate treatment. 300 participants (M= 23.70; SD = 2.64) were involved in this study. The reliability of Cronbach's Alpha (α=0.903) showed GHQ-12 as an acceptable instrument. The GHQ-12 was found a one-dimensional model. CFA with goodness of-fit was found GHQ-12 was accepted, value of X2= 153.893; RMSEA=0.079; GFI=0.921; TLI= 0.918; and CFI=0.933. This study’s results indicate satisfactory validity and reliability for GHQ-12 as an instrument in detecting psychological distress for individuals experiencing a quarter-life crisis. The implications of this study can be used as a reference in providing appropriate interventions for overcoming psychological distress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".