B cells maintain the homeostasis of splenic marginal zone antigen-presenting cells to promote the anti-viral CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Natural killer and CD8 + T cells are critical in the elimination of blood-borne viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV); however, the role of B cells in this process is less clear. Here, using the murine CMV (MCMV) infection model, we demonstrated that the B cell-deficient mice mounted a weaker primary virus-specific CD8 + T cell response than their wild-type counterparts, which was associated with increased viral transcription. Notably, we found that the contribution of B cells to the CD8 + T-cell-mediated anti-viral response was not associated with their ability to generate antibodies but with their ability to sustain Langerin + type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s), a dendritic cells (DC) subset known for being involved in viral and bacterial clearance in the marginal zone of the spleen. Furthermore, we found that the presence of Langerin + cDC1s is dependent on B cells expressing lymphotoxin (LTβ) to maintain CD169 + marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). We further discovered, using ligand-receptor interaction analyses, that the communication between MMMs and Langerin + cDC1s was mediated via VCAM1 - ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction. Thus, our data reveals that B cell regulate the development of MMMs in the spleen via LTβ expression and consequently sustain Langerin + cDC1s homeostasis for effective initiation of an anti-viral CD8 + T cell response. Overall, our study offers a new perspective on how B cells maintain the homeostasis of antigen-presenting cells in the splenic marginal zone and thus indirectly affect the virus-specific CD8 + T cell response, which could potentially be extended to other infectious and autoimmune diseases as well as tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".